Essay on Mary Shelleys Frankenstein - 903 Words

Frankenstein is a story about a scientist who creates a living creature that ends up wreaking havoc on his life. He begins life as a happy person but then has a life of tragedy and horror. Though Victor Frankenstein and his creature oppose each other, they develop similarities between each other as the story progresses. Mary Shelley wrote the story Frankenstein as a challenge in Switzerland. The idea of a man creating life in the form of a monster came to her in a dream. She incorporated this idea when she wrote the novel. Shelley used the characteristics from the Romantic period while writing the story. She also used gothic elements in the story. The characteristics from the Romantic period help show the connection that Victor†¦show more content†¦Later on Victor becomes fascinated with the creation of life. He starts to study how the human body is built and how it decomposes. A few years after he began these studies he discovers the secret of life. He uses his findings to construct a creature and bring it to life. Developing a living creature goes against nature and the beliefs of the Romantics. Similar to Victor the creature develops the desire to learn. The creature desires to learn the ways of humans and become more like them. While he is traveling, the creature comes across a cottage. He is fascinated by the cottagers’ music and their language. Both Victor and the creature have the desire to learn because of their fascinations. The creature develops a desire to learn the language of the cottagers so he can speak to them. He tries to learn the language by watching the cottagers, though he makes little progress at first. Victor and the creature are both devoted to learning about their fascinations. Both find it important to increase their knowledge of the world around them. Similarly, Victor Frankenstein and the creature both want revenge. The creature starts out as good but turns evil and wants revenge after being persecuted by humans beca use of his looks. He also wants revenge against Victor after Victor destroys the female creature. Victor wants revenge against the creature after figuring out that the creature has murder some of Victor’s family and his friend, Henry Clerval.Show MoreRelatedMary Shelleys Frankenstein1689 Words   |  7 PagesGreat Expectations Fathers and Son, Frankenstein. The novel I have chosen to discuss is Frankenstein. Written in 1818 by Mary Shelley, Frankenstein is classified as a gothic novel, however, Shelly uses both realist and non-realist techniques. I will be looking at her reasons for writing the novel and what influenced her, as well as the realist and non-realist techniques used. I will be looking at some of the contemporary social issues that affected Shelley’s life at the time she wrote her novelRead MoreMary Shelleys Frankenstein1179 Words   |  5 Pagesbecome determined to perfect at what they do. They eventually become tragically doomed through creating their own individual moral codes by struggling with their internal battles within their minds. Mary Shelley presents us the first persona of a romantic hero through Victor Frankenstein in her book Frankenstein. Shelley fabricates Victor as the main narrator throughout the book, along with Captain Walton and the creature, which Victor creates. Another hero during the Romant ic era is the Ancient MarinerRead MoreMary Shelleys Frankenstein Feminism1429 Words   |  6 PagesRobert Youshock Prof. Matthew Gerber HIST 1012 10/19/18 Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein: Feminism before it was mainstream? Writing a paper on the topic of Frankenstein days before Halloween might give you the wrong idea- lets clear something up straight away Frankenstein is the doctor not the monster and the monster doesn’t have a name (which we later learn is mildly important to the story). You see, Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein is arguably a story of creation, murder, love, and learning amongst manyRead More Mary Shelleys Frankenstein Essay929 Words   |  4 PagesMary Shelleys Frankenstein The characterization of Victor’s creature, the monster, in the movie although somewhat dramatically different from Mary Shelley’s portrayal in the novel Frankenstein also had its similarities. Shelley’s views of the monster were to make him seem like a human being, while the movie made the monster out to be a hideous creation. The creature’s appearance and personality are two aspects that differ between the novel and movie while his intellectual and tender sidesRead More Mary Shelleys Frankenstein Essay1312 Words   |  6 PagesMary Shelleys Frankenstein In order to illustrate the main theme of her novel â€Å"Frankenstein†, Mary Shelly draws strongly on the myth of Prometheus, as the subtitle The Modern Prometheus indicates. Maurice Hindle, in his critical study of the novel, suggests, â€Å"the primary theme of Frankenstein is what happens to human sympathies and relationships when men seek obsessively to satisfy their Promethean longings to â€Å"conquer the unknown† - supposedly in the service of their fellow-humans†. ThisRead More Mary Shelleys Frankenstein Essay1622 Words   |  7 PagesMary Shelleys Frankenstein Nineteen-year-old Mary Shelley didn’t know when she began it that her â€Å"ghost story† would become an enduring part of classic literature. Frankenstein is an admirable work simply for its captivating plot. To the careful reader, however, Shelley’s tale offers complex insights into human experience. The reader identifies with all of the major characters and is left to heed or ignore the cautions that their situations provide. Shelley uses the second person narrativeRead MoreEssay on Mary Shelleys Frankenstein1643 Words   |  7 PagesMary Shelleys Frankenstein In 1818 a novel was written that tingled people’s minds and thrilled literary critics alike. Frankenstein was an instant success and sold more copies than any book had before. The immediate success of the book can be attributed to the spine-tingling horror of the plot, and the strong embedded ethical message. Although her name did not come originally attached to the text, Mary Shelley had written a masterpiece that would live on for centuries. Read MoreEvil in Mary Shelleys Frankenstein1462 Words   |  6 PagesMary Shelleys Frankenstein is very much a commentary on the Enlightenment and its failure to tame the human condition through reason. The human condition can be defined as the unique features which mold a human being. The creature is undoubtedly a victim of this predicament. He grapples with the meaning of life, the search for gratification, the sense of curiosity, the inevitability of isolation, and the awareness of the inescapability of death. These qualities and his ceaseless stalking of hisRead MoreMary Shelleys Frankenstein Essay1086 Words   |  5 Pages Mary Shelley wrote the book Frankenstein sometime in the 1810s. She was born in London in 1797 (Biography). Her mother was an author of prime literary stock who was trying to encourage women to pursue their ideas and strive to earn the status as equals. The Scientific and Industrial Revolutions that were taking place around Mary Shelley certainly influ enced her while she was writing the book. The creation of machines and experiments at the time made people wonder what the limit of human technologyRead MoreMary Shelleys Frankenstein Essay846 Words   |  4 Pages Shelley’s Frankenstein does an excellent job at demonstrating the ideas and accomplishments of the enlightenment period. Shelly expresses these ideas and thoughts through the character of Victor Frankenstein who is an aspiring scientist seeking an intellectual challenge. Victor Frankenstein live s his hometown of Geneva and leaves in quest of a valued education in Ingolstadt. When Victor arrives at college he is lonely and finds himself in a new world in which he lives by himself. He than meets

La Traffic Jam On The Highway Essay - 1401 Words

Question A Late 20th century Los Angeles, California was a bustling, diverse, and segregated city. Both El Norte (1983) and Falling Down (1993) depict Los Angeles in revealing ways. Falling Down in particular has many shots of the city itself; in fact, the first scene in the film takes place in a classic LA traffic jam on the highway. It shows cars lined up and not moving on the highway as far as the eye can see, with construction going on around them. It is also very hot in LA. The people are sweating, it’s sunny outside, bugs are flying around, and there are palm trees around the highway. Similarly, one of the last shots in El Norte shows a busy highway with the LA skyline in the background. That shot with the skyscrapers, cars driving quickly by, and palm trees is one of the most iconic images of LA in either film. One unique aspect of LA specifically in the late 20th century—shown in both films—is the presence of factories all around. While walking around the city, D-Fens in Falling Down passes by multiple factory buildings and Rosa in El Norte actually works in a factory for a short time. These buildings are large and often look run down from the outside. Inside, El Norte depicts the bad working conditions. They are packed into the factory like sardines and it’s unbearably hot inside. In addition, most of the workers are Hispanic immigrants. This depiction of immigrant labor is prevalent in El Norte. The film shows a large number of Hispanic immigrants working notShow MoreRelatedLA Case Study950 Words   |  4 PagesHave you ever tried to travel in or around Los Angeles? If so you have most likely witnessed the horror of LA traffic. LA has been ranked the worst city for traffic by Inrix, a traffic analysis firm. In 2015 drivers in Los Angeles drivers spent an estimated 623 million hours sitting in traffic. This has cost the average driver over $1,400 a year. The problem has gotten worse over the past few years as consumers move to e-commerce and the popularity of next-day and same-day shipping. Now many deliveryRead More Traffic Control: The Need For Change Essays3748 Words   |  15 PagesTraffic Control: The Need For Change   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  As the population of the United States dramatically increases and the number of vehicles on the nations roads and highways skyrockets, new methods of traffic control and organization have become necessary, by utilizing new methods of transportation or by revising the current system. In the past 15 years, the number of vehicles on American roads has increased 41.9%, the number of licensed drivers has increased 29.3%, but the size of the generalRead MoreThe Future Of Autonomous Cars2268 Words   |  10 Pagestremendous way, and after the first GPS satellite launch in 1978, vehicles can rely on a navigation systems that is reliable and has coverage all over the globe. The air transportation system has taken advantage of this technology for navigation and air traffic control as the demand for this kind of transport has increased and so did the number of airplanes in the sky. The automatic pilot is enabled as every airliner reaches the cruise altitude, which makes it a semi autonomous vehicle that relies on sensorRead MoreA Brief Note On Ford s Autonomous Car2470 Words   |  10 Pagesthat allows the vehicle to park itself with no help from the driver, the driver just have to press a button, then the car will park itself in a parallel or perpendicular spot. The other one is traffic jam assist that turn the car capable to fully drive itself in slow, stop-and-go situation s on the highway. Ford is one of the companies that are going to have an autonomous car in production after 2020. Ford CTO Raj Nair said that the key enablers for the automated driving are smart software developmentRead MoreThe Safety Of A Car Vehicle2467 Words   |  10 Pagesthat allows the vehicle to park itself with no help from the driver, the driver just have to press a button, then the car will park itself in a parallel or perpendicular spot. The other one is traffic jam assist that turn the car capable to fully drive itself in slow, stop-and-go situations on the highway. Ford is one of the companies that are going to have an autonomous car in production after 2020. Ford CTO Raj Nair said that the key enablers for the automated driving are smart software developmentRead MoreThe Technology Development Of Autonomous Cars10514 Words   |  43 Pagestremendous way, and after the first GPS satellite launch in 1978, vehicles can rely on a navigation systems that is reliable and has coverage all over the globe. The air transportation system has taken advantage of this technology for navigation and air traffic control as the demand for this kind of transport has increased and so did the number of airplanes in the sky. The automatic pilot is enabled as every airliner reaches the cruise altitude, which makes it a semi autonomous vehicle that relies on sensorRead MoreThe Technology Development Of Autonomous Cars7664 Words   |  31 Pagestremendous way, and after the first GPS satellite launch in 1978, vehicles can rely on a navigation systems that is reliable and has coverage all over the globe. The air transportation system has taken advantage of this technology for navigation and air traffic control as the demand for this kind of transport has increased and so did the number of airplanes in the sky. The automatic pilot is enabled as every airliner reaches the cruise altitude, which makes it a semi autonomous vehicle that relies on sensorRead MoreDriving Cars Should Be Allowed On Our Roads1868 Words   |  8 PagesFrancisco to Las Vegas. â€Å"The A7 can drive by itself at speeds below 70 miles per hour, with the ability to change lanes and pass slow vehicles in front. Before the car changes lanes, it adjusts its speed depending on the speed of the other vehicles around it. If the calculations of the vehicle s systems regarding speed and distance find a lane change to be a safe option, the car initiates the maneuver. However, the A7 is currently limited to only being able to drive itself within highways. As the vehicleRead MoreThe Separation Of Ethics And Government1819 W ords   |  8 PagesAssistance Teams and over 80 support response teams were deployed. Since Louisiana was submerged, it was decided that response to this area would be after assisting Mississippi. Another issue was that Mississippi and Louisiana shared the same main highway used for evacuation of the states. To prevent congestion, Mississippi and Louisiana had an agreement in place, prior to this event, which required Louisiana’s evacuation a day before Mississippi. During the storm of Katrina, Mississippi and LouisianaRead MoreHarajuku Fun Madness Essay1758 Words   |  8 Pagesdebit because the government are watching him and also there is cameras in his school now. Marcus starts handing out hacked xbox discs and later is apprehended by the police. They take him to his house and talk to his parents because he has a strange traffic pattern. Marcus talks about arphid cloning and Vanessa gets mad. Marcus’s dad gets pulled over twice making him get home three hours la te. â€Å"I got up and got moving. I felt the eyes watching me from all directions.† I thought this quote was important

A Review of Laser Processes Used in Solar Cell Fabrication Free Essays

A Review of Laser Processes Used in Solar Cell Fabrication Abstract There are many different laser techniques that can be used in the production of solar cells. By examining the research which the various solar cells were fabricated with laser technique, it is possible to understand the pros and cons of using laser for produce the cells. The following paragraphs will list which process the laser technique have been used in this review. We will write a custom essay sample on A Review of Laser Processes Used in Solar Cell Fabrication or any similar topic only for you Order Now Introduction The buried contact solar cell was invented at University of New South Wales by Green et al. in 1983. These solar cells have a relatively high efficiency approximately 25% and present a possibility of cost-reduction with applying this technology to the manufacturers’ production lines. The following are the general main steps of forming the buried contact solar cell: 1. Texturing of surfaces 2. Top surface diffusion 3. Oxide growth 4. Groove cutting and diffusion 5. Aluminum deposition and sinter 6. Metal plating 7. Edge isolation The key parts of this process, which result in the cells become more efficiency than the standard screen printing solar cells are the laser grooving and groove diffusion to reduce the cell shading and contact resistance and the texturing which reduce the surface reflection. A schematic of a buried contact solar cell is shown in the figure below (Green 1995). [pic]Figure 1: Cross-section of buried contact solar cell Research continues working on the ways which could further improve the efficiency of the buried contact solar cell. With the statistics obtained from the experiment, they can try to figure out the effects which using different methods and materials in solar cells would cause. These parts include different diffusion profiles to form the p-n junction, surface passivation using different materials, and the different methods of grooving of the silicon, rear surface treatment, metallization and so on. Laser texturing In order to reduce the reflection effect of the solar cells, front surface texturing is one solution. There have many methods to increase the light trapping, such as mechanical scribing and reactive ion etching. However, laser texturing could effectively texture the multicrystalline surface, providing isotropic etching that other techniques cannot do. Abbott and Cotter (2006) revealed that with deeper laser texturing, the less the front surface reflection is. More detailed results are shown in figure 2 (adapted from Abbott and Cotter 2006). Note that with very shallow texturing (10mm), they cannot trapping very well, as a result behaving like the planar one. Figure 2: Front surface reflection of laser textured samples with different ablation pit depths (0) 10mm, (? 20mm, (? ) 30 mm, (*) 40 mm, (x) 50mm with residual slag, (+) planar silicon and (line) random pyramid textured silicon. It is straightforward that we should texturing deeper pit, however, this will increase the surface recombination rate, which is detrimental to solar cells. Even though the pit depths 50mm have the lowest reflection, it will leave some slag in the pits that acting like defects. These residual slags will enhance t he surface recombination rate, reducing the open-circuit voltage as well as the efficiency of the solar cells. Finding better parameters of operation to texture the wafer properly without the appearance of slag is therefore becomes the main issue for the manufacturers. Top Surface diffusion The conventional method for doping materials is the thermal diffusion which performed at high temperature (over 800? ). The process is so-called solid state diffusion and has various methods, for instance physical vapour deposition, to control the doping profiles. Also there is a considerable alternative method of forming doping areas in silicon solar cells by using laser-doping. With the Nd:YAG pulsed laser, the doping profiles can be controlled with the desirable doping area. Ogane et al. (2009) asserted that by using the laser doping technique with 0. 5W output, it can fabricate the solar cells with comparable efficiency to those fabricated by thermal diffusion methods. Some statistics of the result from their research are shown in figure 3 (adapted from Ogane et al. 2009). Note that a large number of the oxygen atoms are induced to the solar cells owing to the operation is in air. This increase the sheet resistance and as a result, reducing the efficiency of the solar cells. The advantages of the laser doping process are that it can be operated at room temperature, in the atmosphere, as well as the easier process forming a selective doping area without any lithography pre-set processes. With these advantages, even though the properties of these solar cells are slightly worse than the cells handled by thermal diffusion, it is acceptable to some manufacturers and worthy to work on it. [pic] Figure 3: The average of six solar cells properties of cells with emitters fabricated by laser doping as a function of laser output power, compared with the case of thermal diffusion (TD). Laser groove The most common device which is used to form the laser grooved front surface contacts is the Nd:YAG pulsed laser, operating at a high frequency. The depth of the laser groove after lasing is typically 30 microns deep and approximately 20 microns wide. During the process, laser will vaporises silicon through the oxidation layer, and this will induced the thermally damaged to silicon. Such this damage will acts as recombination sites of carriers when operating the solar cells, minimised this defect is therefore necessary in order to improve the efficiency of the solar cells. Studies on this part (Schoonderbeek et al. 2007) have revealed that using the shorter wavelength of the laser, i. e. the higher power output can reduce the thermal damage induce by the laser. [pic] Figure 4: Increased lifetime ratios (decreased laser damage) are obtained when scribing lines using short-wavelength lasers. Figure 4 (adapted from Schoonderbeek et al. 2007) above shows that by using lasers with short-wavelength at either 532nm (green) or 355nm (UV) will have better properties in comparison to 1064nm (IR) laser. Nevertheless, the lower cost of the IR laser is more favourable to the manufacturer. Thus the solar cell research of this part is undertaken at institutions and companies in order to find out the better trade-off point. Back surface field and laser-fired contacts The technology which usually used for rear contact passivation in solar cells is that highly doped region near the back contact. This is called back surface field. Normally aluminium is applied to it by evaporation, following by sintering to make aluminium atoms diffuse into the silicon. For reducing the cost per watts generated by solar cell, some different methods were tested for the feasibility analysis. One of the ways for reducing the cost is doping aluminium locally (Meemongkolkiat et al. 2006). It is obviously that doping less metal could reduce the cost, however the efficiency should not be diminish too much. In this process the oxide on the back surface is partially etched prior to aluminium were screen-printed on it. In their research, with choosing the aluminium screen-printing pastes properly (the composition is not provided in their paper), the efficiency of the solar cells are adequately (16%) compared to the normally full back surface field (16. %). Alternatively, aluminium deposition can be applied to the solar cell with the passivated emitter and rear contact, followed by fast scanning laser firing to reduce the rear surface recombination rate as well as improve light trapping. With this so-called laser-fired contact technique, Schneiderlochner et al. (2002, p. 32) demonstrated that the efficiency of the laser-fired contact solar cell can reach up to 21. 3%. Some result s from their research can be seen in figure 5, which are adapted from Schneiderlochner et al. 002. Note that the silicon nitride passivated layer has a lower efficiency maybe due to degradation in passivation quality during laser firing. [pic] Figure 5: The solar cell results with the laser-fired contact technique compared with conventionally processed passivated emitter and rear cells The main advantage of the laser-fired contact is that after possessed a passivating layer and depositing the aluminium, there is only one step needed (laser firing) instead of several processes of photolithography. Hence by using Nd:YAG pulsed laser system for laser-fired contact processing, the cost per watts can be reduced due to less handling steps, as well as the expensive chemicals. Summary There are some different techniques with respect to laser that applied to the fabrication of the solar cells are discussed above. With the laser system applied to the back surface field and laser-fired contacts, the cost can be reduced by using less costly chemicals, whereas shrinking the cost of instruments and operation for the case that laser system induced to the top surface diffusion. The aims of both grooving and texturing using laser technique are improving the properties of the solar cells. The laser system provides the possibilities of reducing the cost per watts without decreasing too many characteristics of the solar cells, which is the most important issue for manufacturers. Therefore, studies focus on these techniques will continue while some of them are already used in fabricating solar cells with other techniques. The ultimate aim of these is make the solar cells as cheap as possible so that public are willing to having it, thus minimizing the environment impact. Reference Abbott, M. and Cotter, J. 006, ‘Optical and electrical properties of laser texturing for high-efficiency solar cells’, Progress in Photovoltaics: Research and Applications, Volume 14, Issue 3, pp. 225-235. Honsberg, C. and Bowden, S. 2009, Buried Contact Solar Cells, Photovoltaics CDROM, accessed 12 September 2009, . Meemongkolkiat, V. ; Nakayashiki, K. ; Dong Seop, K. ; K im, S. ; Shaikh A. ; Kuebelbeck, A. ; Stockum, W. and Rohatgi, A. 2006, ‘Investigation of modified screen-printing Al pastes for local back surface field formation’, Photovoltaic Energy Conversion, Conference Record of the 2006 IEEE 4th World Conference on, Volume 2, pp. 1338-1341. Nd:YAG laser’, wiki article, 3 July 2009, accessed 14 September 2009, http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Nd:YAG_laser. Ogane, A. ; Hirata, K. ; Horiuchi, K. ; Nishihara, Y. ; Takahashi, Y. ; Kitiyanan, A. and Fuyuki, T. 2009, ‘Laser-doping technique using ultraviolet laser for shallow doping in crystalline silicon solar cell fabrication’, Japanese Journal of Applied Physics, Volume 48, Issue 7, pp. 071201. Schneiderlochner, E. ; Preu, R. ; Ludemann, R. and Glunz, S. W. 2002, ‘Laser-fired rear contacts for crystalline silicon solar cells’, Progress in Photovoltaics: Research and Applications, Volume 10, Issue 1, pp. 9-34. Schneiderlochner, E. ; Grohe, A. ; Glunz, S. W. ; Preu, R. Willeke, W. 2003, ‘Scanning Nd:YAG laser system for industrially applicable processing in silicon solar cell manufacturing’, Photovoltaic Energy Conversion, 2003. Proceedings of 3rd World Conference on, Volume 2, pp 1364-1367. Schoonderbeek, A. ; Stute, U. ; Ostendorf, A. ; Grischke, R. ; Engelhart, P. ; Meyer, R. and Brendel, R. 2007, ‘Laser technology in silicon solar cell production’, Proceedings of the 4th International WLT-Conference on Lasers in Manufacturing, pp 693–698. [pic] How to cite A Review of Laser Processes Used in Solar Cell Fabrication, Essays

Communications And Information Technology †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Communications And Information Technology. Answer: Introduction: Business risks form an integral part of every business organization. Business entities regularly work in a dynamic environment which has its own set of trials and tribulations. The unpredictability of this ecosystem makes every business a risky venture. Wesfarmers Limited has been selected as the organization for the concerned report and it also has its own set of risks associated with it, competition from its rivals, being the most significant one. Amazon has become one of the most powerful rivals of the Australian retail conglomerate Wesfarmers Limited. The report deals with the various kinds of risks associated with Amazon, stakeholders of the company, SWOT analysis of the company, assessment of the risk and implementation of an action plan to mitigate the risks associated with the competition from rivals like Amazon. Discussion: Wesfarmers is a reputed Australian conglomerate which primarily deals in retail, energy, fertilizers, chemical, liquors and hotels( George et al. 2014). Its headquarter is located in Western Australia. It is one of the largest private sector companies of Australia and has shareholder strength of approximately 530,000 (Wesfarmers.com.au 2018). Morgan Stanley, one of the leading financial services firm has reported that Wesfarmers have to face the uphill task of dealing with the threat of Amazon, which has ventured into the island nation's retail sector. This direct rivalry from a global giant like Amazon has posed a significant risk for Wesfarmers. The details about the risks have been discussed below: What is this 'Risk'? Morgan Stanley reports have said Wesfarmers can lose $400 million revenue to the e-commerce giant Amazon. They have concluded that Wesfarmers will be mostly affected because of Amazon's arrival in the island continent (Klettner et al. 2014). They have specifically mentioned that Wesfarmer's departmental store businesses will take a hit as Amazon enters the foray. This risk can be classified as a business risk caused by an external factor such as a competitor's entry into the target market. Legal framework and Standard and Area of address: The given risk arises from an external force, which is the entry of a new rival in the market. The risk arising from such entry is manifold. Amazon has been a concern for the US markets, as it has been successful in providing everything in its retail section from toothbrush to shirts at competitive prices. Its ability to implement its success model in other countries have led to the tumbling of the share prices of Wesfarmers for the past three months. However, in order to address the unethical impact of the new competition, the Australian Competition and Consumer Commission is there. Its section 45 deals in Anti-Competitive behavior of rival companies and puts in a check unethical competitive prices which can cause disruption of healthy competition in the market (Corones 2014). The Auditing standard 315 follows over here, which assesses the risk of material misstatement through understanding of the entity and its environment. The risk addresses the commercial relationships of Wesfarm ers and the trading of Wesfarmers. The threat of new competition may hamper this commercial relationship between Wesfarmers and its various stakeholders and competitors. Type of Risk and its Responsibility: Strategic risks are those risks which arise from the external factors like competitors, consumer preferences, technological up gradation, or some drastic changes in the market forces. These risks require a change of strategy on the part of the affected company. This strategy along with a robust and constant feedback platform should be built to counteract such risks. The present risk of the entry of Amazon is a prime example of strategic risk and no can actually be held responsible for these risks as these are beyond human control but responsibility of mitigating these risks and ensuring no unethical misstatements are presented to the stakeholders of the company to minimize the effect of these risks on the financial matters of the company should be borne by the management of the company. Stakeholders and their Objectives: Customers: They are one of the most important stakeholders of the company. Receiving quality products at affordable prices, voicing their concerns regarding faulty products and reporting of feedback to Wesfarmers in a timely and direct manner are some of their crucial objectives (Akbar and Ahsan 2014). Suppliers: The suppliers look to ensure timely and proper delivery of their supplies to Wesfarmers and receiving necessary prices for the same in a time bound manner (Kenny 2013). Wesfarmers maintain healthy relationships with their suppliers. Government: Government is an important stakeholder of the company. Ensuring compliance of tax procedures and ensuring carrying out of commercial responsibilities of Wesfarmers in an ethical manner is an important objective of the government. Employees: The primary objective of the 220,000 employees of Wesfarmers is to ensure conducive working conditions and just remuneration. Community: The communities are an inextricable part of Wesfarmers. They want proper functioning of the Corporate Social Responsibility wing of Wesfarmers, so as to ensure overall wellbeing of the business and its communities on a whole. SWOT Analysis: Strengths: Brand legacy, convenient customer service, community initiatives, large number of workforce and dedicated workforce and sales through online format (Wesfarmers.com.au 2018). Weakness: Constant media scrutiny because of being a market leader and market limited to Australia. Opportunities: Scope of expansion in foreign locations, exemplary services and loyal customer base. Threats: Rising competition from major foreign players and economic downturns affecting company performance. Critical Success Factors: Critical success factors are those key areas which have significance impact on the firm's performance. The major CSFs of Wesfarmers are: Successful acquisitions. 5-year plans. Product research and development. Customer satisfaction. Diversification of business. All these factors impact Wesfarmers profitability and performance in different ways which ultimately impacts its financial performances (Jones et al. 2014). Communication with Stakeholders: The various stakeholders of the company would be communicated about the necessary adjustments arising out of Amazon's entry by way of meetings in a timely manner. Risk assessment: The risk assessment shows that the entry of e-commerce company like Amazon may cause major injuries to the overall health of Wesfarmers and the level of risk is 'H', which shows that senior management attention is needed. Likelihood of the problem arising is very high unless stringent steps are taken to mitigate the risks associated with the entry of Amazon in the Australian retail sector. The major consequences being loss of market share, financial goodwill, customers and drastic decrease in profitability. Risk priority: The risk can be prioritized in 'H' category which requires robust planning at senior management levels to discuss plans to mitigate the risks. This can lead to change of market strategy, possible merger or amalgamation with Amazon to decrease the impact of the risk (Harding 2013). Opportunities and Risk assessment plan: The concerned risks present a list of opportunities to Wesfarmers which could act as prospective lifelines for the company. A possible merger, amalgamation with a reputed competitor, sharing of technical expertise, expansion beyond Australian market etc (Moscardo et al. 2013) The risk assessment plan involves constructing a fool proof plan to mitigate the financial losses arising from such a risk. It shall be prepared with active involvement from the management of the company with the approval of all the stakeholders of Wesfarmers. The plan shall involve identification of root cause, preparing and assessment of strategies and selection of a suitable one. The financial records need to be maintained as the impact of such strategies has a direct bearing on financial performance of a company. Weekly communication with the stakeholders will be done to report every step of implementation. A risk register can be maintained for evaluation purpose, like the one given below. Conclusion: The concerned report deals with the various risk aspects of the entry of Amazon in the Australian retail sector for Wesfarmers limited. Stakeholders and their various objectives have been presented. The impact of the risk of Amazons entry on the business of Wesfarmers has been shown. The opportunities presented by such kind of risks also have been shown in the report. The kind of risk it proposes, the stakeholders of the company, mitigation plan, evaluation plan of the risks have been discussed in detail. References: Akbar, S. and Ahsan, K., 2014. Analysis of corporate social disclosure practices of Australian retail firms. International Journal of Managerial and Financial Accounting, 6(4), pp.375-396. Corones, S., 2014. Competition policy review: draft recommendations on competition laws.Australian Business Law Review,42(6), pp.479-486. George, R., Bennett, D., Ham, C. and Ruprecht, J., 2014. Planning to develop sustainable irrigated agriculture in Northern Western Australia. InNRM Tipping Point Conference, Busselton, April. Harding, D., Shankar, S. and Jackson, R., 2013. The renaissance in mergers and acquisitions: The surprising lessons of the 2000s.Bain Company. Jones, P., Comfort, D. and Hillier, D., 2014. Environmental and Social Programmes and Rapidly Growing Retailers. Economia Seria Management, 17(1), pp.5-17. Kenny, G., 2013. The stakeholder or the firm? Balancing the strategic framework. Journal of Business Strategy, 34(3), pp.33-40. Kenny, G., 2013. The stakeholder or the firm? Balancing the strategic framework. Journal of Business Strategy, 34(3), pp.33-40. Klettner, A., Clarke, T. and Boersma, M., 2014. The governance of corporate sustainability: Empirical insights into the development, leadership and implementation of responsible business strategy. Journal of Business Ethics, 122(1), pp.145-165. Moscardo, G., Lamberton, G., Wells, G., Fallon, W., Lawn, P., Rowe, A., Humphrey, J., Wiesner, R., Pettitt, B., Clifton, D. and Renouf, M., 2013. Sustainability in Australian business: principles and practice. Wiley-Blackwell. Wesfarmers.com.au. (2018). Cite a Website - Cite This For Me. [online] Available at:https://www.wesfarmers.com.au/docs/default-source/corporate-governance/audit-and-risk-committee-charter.pdf?sfvrsn=4 [Accessed 7 Mar. 2018]. Wesfarmers.com.au. (2018).Home. [online] Available at: https://www.wesfarmers.com.au/ [Accessed 7 Mar. 2018].